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Creating Custom ERA5Variables

While the list of available ERA5Variables in the Climate Data Store is very extensive, they are not exhaustive. There is therefore a need to define a list of custom ERA5Variables that will be otherwise calculated (although this has to be done separately outside of ERA5Reanalysis.jl), and then can thus be saved and manipulated and analyzed in the same way that the default ERA5Variables in ERA5Reanalysis.jl can be. In this page, we break this down into the SingleLevel and PressureLevel components

Custom SingleLevel Variables

As of ERA5Reanalysis.jl v0.3, we have predefined all the single-level variables that are available directly from the CDS. As such, all custom SingleLevel variables are defined under the SingleCustom type.

ERA5Reanalysis ≧ v0.3

All Single-Level variables defined in the Climate Data Store are now available in ERA5Reanalysis.jl, but only for versions ≧ v0.3.

Defining a new SingleCustom variable

To define aSingleCustom variables, we use the funciton SingleVariable().

ERA5Reanalysis.SingleVariable Type
julia
SingleVariable(
    ST = String;
    ID :: AbstractString,
    long :: AbstractString = "",
    name :: AbstractString,
    units :: AbstractString
) -> evar :: SingleLevel

Create a custom Single-Level variable that is not in the default list exported by ERA5Reanalysis.jl. These variables are not available in the CDS store, and so they must be separately calculated from other variables and analyzed.

Keyword Arguments

  • ID : variable ID (in string format) used in the NetCDF file

  • long : long-name for variable (used in specifying variable for CDS downloads)

  • name : user-defined variable name

  • units : user-defined units of the variable

  • inCDS : Boolean that indicates if this variable is available on the CDS store. True if available.

source

Removing Custom SingleLevel Variables

To remove a SingleCustom variable, we can use the rmSingle() function:

Missing docstring.

Missing docstring for rmSingle( varID :: AbstractString ). Check Documenter's build log for details.

An Example!

In this example, we add a SingleLevel variable to the list:

  • eke, for Eddy Kinetic Energy, which is not downloadable and must be calculated using other variables

The Eddy Kinetic Energy is calculated by the following:

E=12g0psu2+v2dp

And it is often used as a measure of storm-track intensity.

julia
julia> using ERA5Reanalysis

julia> SingleVariable(
           ID = "eke",
           units = "J m**-2",
           name = "Eddy Kinetic Energy",
           long = "eddy_kinetic_energy"
       )
┌ Warning: 2026-02-08T04:02:53.677 - ERA5Reanalysis.jl - "eke" is not a valid SingleVariable identifier, use the function SingleVariable() or SingleCustom() to add this ERA5Variable to the list.
└ @ ERA5Reanalysis ~/work/ERA5Reanalysis.jl/ERA5Reanalysis.jl/src/variable/is.jl:59
The Single-Level Custom Variable "eke" has the following properties:
    Variable ID  (ID/ncID) : eke
    Long Name       (long) : eddy_kinetic_energy
    Variable Name   (name) : Eddy Kinetic Energy
    Variable Units (units) : J m**-2

julia> tableSingles(custom=true)
┌ Warning: 2026-02-08T04:02:55.800 - ERA5Reanalysis.jl - The custom file does "singlecustom.txt" does not exist in /home/runner, use `setupERA5Variables()` to copy templates and empty custom lists to /home/runner.
└ @ ERA5Reanalysis ~/work/ERA5Reanalysis.jl/ERA5Reanalysis.jl/src/variable/tables.jl:87
 ------------ ---------------- ----------------------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ----------------
      ID       Variable Type    Name                    Units   ERA5 Long-Name                                                    DKRZ ID   DKRZ Invariant 
 ------------ ---------------- ----------------------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ----------------
    alnid      SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Near IR albedo for diffuse radiation                               true         false
    alnip      SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Near IR albedo for direct radiation                                true         false
    aluvd      SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    UV visible albedo for diffuse radiation                            true         false
    aluvp      SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    UV visible albedo for direct radiation                             true         false
     anor      SingleVariable   radians                 true    Angle of sub-gridscale orography                                  missing      missing
     asn       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Snow albedo                                                        true         false
     bfi       SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Benjamin-Feir index                                                true         false
     bld       SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Boundary layer dissipation                                         true         false
     blh       SingleVariable   m                       true    Boundary layer height                                              true         false
     cape      SingleVariable   J kg**-1                true    Convective available potential energy                              true         false
     cbh       SingleVariable   m                       false   Cloud base height                                                  true         false
     cdir      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Clear-sky direct solar radiation at surface                        true         false
     cdww      SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Coefficient of drag with waves                                     true         false
     chnk      SingleVariable   ~                       true    Charnock                                                           true         false
      ci       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Sea ice area fraction                                              true         false
     cin       SingleVariable   J kg**-1                false   Convective inhibition                                              true         false
      cl       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Lake cover                                                         true          true
      cp       SingleVariable   m                       false   Convective precipitation                                           true         false
     crr       SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Convective rain rate                                               true         false
     csf       SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   false   Convective snowfall                                                true         false
     csfr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Convective snowfall rate water equivalent                          true         false
     cvh       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    High vegetation cover                                             missing      missing
     cvl       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Low vegetation cover                                              missing      missing
     d2m       SingleVariable   K                       true    2 metre dewpoint temperature                                       true         false
     dctb      SingleVariable   m                       false   Duct base height                                                   true         false
    deg0l      SingleVariable   m                       false   Zero degree level                                                  true         false
      dl       SingleVariable   m                       true    Lake depth                                                         true          true
    dndza      SingleVariable   m**-1                   false   Mean vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer       true         false
    dndzn      SingleVariable   m**-1                   false   Minimum vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer    true         false
     dwi       SingleVariable   degrees                 true    10 metre wind direction                                            true         false
     dwps      SingleVariable   Radians                 true    Wave spectral directional width for swell                          true         false
     dwww      SingleVariable   Radians                 true    Wave spectral directional width for wind waves                     true         false
      e        SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   false   Evaporation                                                        true         false
      es       SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   false   Snow evaporation                                                   true         false
     ewss      SingleVariable   N m**-2 s               false   Eastward turbulent surface stress                                  true         false
     fal       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Forecast albedo                                                    true         false
     fdir      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Total sky direct solar radiation at surface                        true         false
     fg10      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 false   10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing                  true         false
     flsr      SingleVariable   ~                       true    Forecast logarithm of surface roughness for heat                   true         false
     fsr       SingleVariable   m                       true    Forecast surface roughness                                         true         false
     gwd       SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Gravity wave dissipation                                           true         false
     hcc       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    High cloud cover                                                   true         false
     hmax      SingleVariable   m                       true    Maximum individual wave height                                     true         false
    i10fg      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 false   Instantaneous 10 metre wind gust                                   true         false
      ie       SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          true    Instantaneous moisture flux                                        true         false
     iews      SingleVariable   N m**-2                 true    Instantaneous eastward turbulent surface stress                    true         false
    ilspf      SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 false   Instantaneous large-scale surface precipitation fraction           true         false
     inss      SingleVariable   N m**-2                 true    Instantaneous northward turbulent surface stress                   true         false
     ishf      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 true    Instantaneous surface sensible heat flux                           true         false
     isor      SingleVariable   ~                       true    Anisotropy of sub-gridscale orography                             missing      missing
    istl1      SingleVariable   K                       true    Ice temperature layer 1                                            true         false
    istl2      SingleVariable   K                       true    Ice temperature layer 2                                            true         false
    istl3      SingleVariable   K                       true    Ice temperature layer 3                                            true         false
    istl4      SingleVariable   K                       true    Ice temperature layer 4                                            true         false
      kx       SingleVariable   K                       false   K index2                                                           true         false
    lai_hv     SingleVariable   m**2 m**-2              true    Leaf area index, high vegetation3                                  true         false
    lai_lv     SingleVariable   m**2 m**-2              true    Leaf area index, low vegetation3                                   true         false
     lblt      SingleVariable   K                       true    Lake bottom temperature                                            true         false
     lcc       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Low cloud cover                                                    true         false
     lgws      SingleVariable   N m**-2 s               false   Eastward gravity wave surface stress                               true         false
     licd      SingleVariable   m                       true    Lake ice depth                                                     true         false
     lict      SingleVariable   K                       true    Lake ice temperature                                               true         false
     lmld      SingleVariable   m                       true    Lake mix-layer depth                                               true         false
     lmlt      SingleVariable   K                       true    Lake mix-layer temperature                                         true         false
     lsf       SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   false   Large-scale snowfall                                               true         false
     lshf      SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Lake shape factor                                                  true         false
     lsm       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Land-sea mask                                                      true          true
     lsp       SingleVariable   m                       false   Large-scale precipitation                                          true         false
     lspf      SingleVariable   s                       false   Large-scale precipitation fraction                                 true         false
     lsrr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Large scale rain rate                                              true         false
    lssfr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Large scale snowfall rate water equivalent                         true         false
     ltlt      SingleVariable   K                       true    Lake total layer temperature                                       true         false
     mbld      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean boundary layer dissipation                                    true         false
     mcc       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Medium cloud cover                                                 true         false
     mcpr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean convective precipitation rate                                 true         false
     mcsr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean convective snowfall rate                                      true         false
     mdts      SingleVariable   degrees                 true    Mean direction of total swell                                      true         false
     mdww      SingleVariable   degrees                 true    Mean direction of wind waves                                       true         false
    megwss     SingleVariable   N m**-2                 false   Mean eastward gravity wave surface stress                          true         false
     mer       SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean evaporation rate                                              true         false
    metss      SingleVariable   N m**-2                 false   Mean eastward turbulent surface stress                             true         false
     mgwd      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean gravity wave dissipation                                      true         false
     mgws      SingleVariable   N m**-2 s               false   Northward gravity wave surface stress                              true         false
    mlspf      SingleVariable   Proportion              false   Mean large-scale precipitation fraction                            true         false
    mlspr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean large-scale precipitation rate                                true         false
    mlssr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean large-scale snowfall rate                                     true         false
     mn2t      SingleVariable   K                       false   Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing     true         false
    mngwss     SingleVariable   N m**-2                 false   Mean northward gravity wave surface stress                         true         false
    mntpr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Minimum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing    true         false
    mntss      SingleVariable   N m**-2                 false   Mean northward turbulent surface stress                            true         false
     mp1       SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period based on first moment                             true         false
     mp2       SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean zero-crossing wave period                                     true         false
     mper      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean potential evaporation rate                                    true         false
     mpts      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean period of total swell                                         true         false
     mpww      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean period of wind waves                                          true         false
     mror      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean runoff rate                                                   true         false
   msdrswrf    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux                      true         false
  msdrswrfcs   SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux, clear sky           true         false
   msdwlwrf    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux                     true         false
  msdwlwrfcs   SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux, clear sky          true         false
   msdwswrf    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux                    true         false
  msdwswrfcs   SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux, clear sky         true         false
   msdwuvrf    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface downward UV radiation flux                            true         false
     mser      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean snow evaporation rate                                         true         false
     msl       SingleVariable   Pa                      true    Mean sea level pressure                                            true         false
    mslhf      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface latent heat flux                                      true         false
     msmr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean snowmelt rate                                                 true         false
   msnlwrf     SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux                          true         false
  msnlwrfcs    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky               true         false
   msnswrf     SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux                         true         false
  msnswrfcs    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky              true         false
     msqs      SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Mean square slope of waves                                         true         false
     msr       SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean snowfall rate                                                 true         false
    msror      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean surface runoff rate                                           true         false
    msshf      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean surface sensible heat flux                                    true         false
    mssror     SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean sub-surface runoff rate                                       true         false
   mtdwswrf    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean top downward short-wave radiation flux                        true         false
   mtnlwrf     SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean top net long-wave radiation flux                              true         false
  mtnlwrfcs    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean top net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky                   true         false
   mtnswrf     SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean top net short-wave radiation flux                             true         false
  mtnswrfcs    SingleVariable   W m**-2                 false   Mean top net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky                  true         false
     mtpr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean total precipitation rate                                      true         false
    mvimd      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Mean vertically integrated moisture divergence                     true         false
     mwd       SingleVariable   degrees                 true    Mean wave direction                                                true         false
     mwd1      SingleVariable   degrees                 true    Mean wave direction of first swell partition                       true         false
     mwd2      SingleVariable   degrees                 true    Mean wave direction of second swell partition                      true         false
     mwd3      SingleVariable   degrees                 true    Mean wave direction of third swell partition                       true         false
     mwp       SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period                                                   true         false
     mwp1      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period of first swell partition                          true         false
     mwp2      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period of second swell partition                         true         false
     mwp3      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period of third swell partition                          true         false
     mx2t      SingleVariable   K                       false   Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing     true         false
    mxtpr      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          false   Maximum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing    true         false
     nsss      SingleVariable   N m**-2 s               false   Northward turbulent surface stress                                 true         false
     p1ps      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period based on first moment for swell                   true         false
     p1ww      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period based on first moment for wind waves              true         false
     p2ps      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period based on second moment for swell                  true         false
     p2ww      SingleVariable   s                       true    Mean wave period based on second moment for wind waves             true         false
     pev       SingleVariable   m                       false   Potential evaporation                                              true         false
    phiaw      SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Normalized energy flux into waves                                  true         false
    phioc      SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Normalized energy flux into ocean                                  true         false
     pp1d      SingleVariable   s                       true    Peak wave period                                                   true         false
    ptype      SingleVariable   code table (4.201)      false   Precipitation type                                                 true         false
    rhoao      SingleVariable   kg m**-3                true    Air density over the oceans                                        true         false
      ro       SingleVariable   m                       false   Runoff                                                             true         false
     rsn       SingleVariable   kg m**-3                true    Snow density                                                       true         false
      sd       SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   true    Snow depth                                                         true         false
    sdfor      SingleVariable   m                       true    Standard deviation of filtered subgrid orography                  missing      missing
     sdor      SingleVariable   ~                       true    Standard deviation of sub-gridscale orography                     missing      missing
      sf       SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   false   Snowfall                                                           true         false
     shts      SingleVariable   m                       true    Significant height of total swell                                  true         false
     shww      SingleVariable   m                       true    Significant height of wind waves                                   true         false
     skt       SingleVariable   K                       true    Skin temperature                                                   true         false
     slhf      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface latent heat flux                                           true         false
     slor      SingleVariable   ~                       true    Slope of sub-gridscale orography                                  missing      missing
     slt       SingleVariable   ~                       true    Soil type1                                                        missing      missing
     smlt      SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   false   Snowmelt                                                           true         false
      sp       SingleVariable   Pa                      true    Surface pressure                                                   true         false
     src       SingleVariable   m of water equivalent   true    Skin reservoir content                                             true         false
     sro       SingleVariable   m                       false   Surface runoff                                                     true         false
     sshf      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface sensible heat flux                                         true         false
     ssr       SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface net solar radiation                                        true         false
     ssrc      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface net solar radiation, clear sky                             true         false
     ssrd      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface solar radiation downwards                                  true         false
    ssrdc      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface solar radiation downward clear-sky                         true         false
     ssro      SingleVariable   m                       false   Sub-surface runoff                                                 true         false
     sst       SingleVariable   K                       true    Sea surface temperature                                            true         false
     stl1      SingleVariable   K                       true    Soil temperature level 11                                          true         false
     stl2      SingleVariable   K                       true    Soil temperature level 21                                          true         false
     stl3      SingleVariable   K                       true    Soil temperature level 31                                          true         false
     stl4      SingleVariable   K                       true    Soil temperature level 41                                          true         false
     str       SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface net thermal radiation                                      true         false
     strc      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface net thermal radiation, clear sky                           true         false
     strd      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface thermal radiation downwards                                true         false
    strdc      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Surface thermal radiation downward clear-sky                       true         false
     swh       SingleVariable   m                       true    Significant height of combined wind waves and swell                true         false
     swh1      SingleVariable   m                       true    Significant wave height of first swell partition                   true         false
     swh2      SingleVariable   m                       true    Significant wave height of second swell partition                  true         false
     swh3      SingleVariable   m                       true    Significant wave height of third swell partition                   true         false
    swvl1      SingleVariable   m**3 m**-3              true    Volumetric soil water layer 11                                     true         false
    swvl2      SingleVariable   m**3 m**-3              true    Volumetric soil water layer 21                                     true         false
    swvl3      SingleVariable   m**3 m**-3              true    Volumetric soil water layer 31                                     true         false
    swvl4      SingleVariable   m**3 m**-3              true    Volumetric soil water layer 41                                     true         false
     t2m       SingleVariable   K                       true    2 metre temperature                                                true         false
    tauoc      SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Normalized stress into ocean                                       true         false
     tcc       SingleVariable   (0 - 1)                 true    Total cloud cover                                                  true         false
     tciw      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Total column cloud ice water                                       true         false
     tclw      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Total column cloud liquid water                                    true         false
     tco3      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Total column ozone                                                 true         false
     tcrw      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Total column rain water                                            true         false
    tcslw      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                false   Total column supercooled liquid water                              true         false
     tcsw      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Total column snow water                                            true         false
     tcw       SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Total column water                                                 true         false
     tcwv      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Total column water vapour                                          true         false
     tisr      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   TOA incident solar radiation                                       true         false
     tmax      SingleVariable   s                       true    Period corresponding to maximum individual wave height             true         false
    totalx     SingleVariable   K                       false   Total totals index2                                                true         false
      tp       SingleVariable   m                       false   Total precipitation                                                true         false
     tplb      SingleVariable   m                       false   Trapping layer base height                                         true         false
     tplt      SingleVariable   m                       false   Trapping layer top height                                          true         false
     tsn       SingleVariable   K                       true    Temperature of snow layer                                          true         false
     tsr       SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Top net solar radiation                                            true         false
     tsrc      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Top net solar radiation, clear sky                                 true         false
     ttr       SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Top net thermal radiation                                          true         false
     ttrc      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Top net thermal radiation, clear sky                               true         false
     tvh       SingleVariable   ~                       true    Type of high vegetation                                           missing      missing
     tvl       SingleVariable   ~                       true    Type of low vegetation                                            missing      missing
     u10       SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    10 metre U wind component                                          true         false
     u100      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    100 metre U wind component                                         true         false
     u10n      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    Neutral wind at 10 m u-component                                   true         false
     ust       SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    U-component stokes drift                                           true         false
     uvb       SingleVariable   J m**-2                 false   Downward UV radiation at the surface                               true         false
     v10       SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    10 metre V wind component                                          true         false
     v100      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    100 metre V wind component                                         true         false
     v10n      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    Neutral wind at 10 m v-component                                   true         false
     viec      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of energy conversion                             true         false
     vigd      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of divergence of geopotential flux               true         false
     vige      SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of eastward geopotential flux                    true         false
     vign      SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of northward geopotential flux                   true         false
    viiwd      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of divergence of cloud frozen water flux         true         false
    viiwe      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of eastward cloud frozen water flux              true         false
    viiwn      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of northward cloud frozen water flux             true         false
     vike      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of kinetic energy                                true         false
    viked      SingleVariable   W m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of divergence of kinetic energy flux             true         false
    vikee      SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of eastward kinetic energy flux                  true         false
    viken      SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of northward kinetic energy flux                 true         false
    vilwd      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of divergence of cloud liquid water flux         true         false
    vilwe      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of eastward cloud liquid water flux              true         false
    vilwn      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of northward cloud liquid water flux             true         false
     vima      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                true    Vertical integral of mass of atmosphere                            true         false
    vimad      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of divergence of mass flux                       true         false
    vimae      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of eastward mass flux                            true         false
    viman      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of northward mass flux                           true         false
    vimat      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of mass tendency                                missing      missing
     vimd      SingleVariable   kg m**-2                false   Vertically integrated moisture divergence                          true         false
    viozd      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of divergence of ozone flux                      true         false
    vioze      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of eastward ozone flux                           true         false
    viozn      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of northward ozone flux                          true         false
    vipie      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of potential+internal energy                     true         false
    vipile     SingleVariable   J m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of potential+internal+latent energy              true         false
     vit       SingleVariable   K kg m**-2              true    Vertical integral of temperature                                   true         false
    vithe      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of thermal energy                                true         false
    vithed     SingleVariable   W m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of divergence of thermal energy flux             true         false
    vithee     SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of eastward heat flux                            true         false
    vithen     SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of northward heat flux                           true         false
    vitoe      SingleVariable   J m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of total energy                                  true         false
    vitoed     SingleVariable   W m**-2                 true    Vertical integral of divergence of total energy flux               true         false
    vitoee     SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of eastward total energy flux                    true         false
    vitoen     SingleVariable   W m**-1                 true    Vertical integral of northward total energy flux                   true         false
    viwvd      SingleVariable   kg m**-2 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of divergence of moisture flux                   true         false
    viwve      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of eastward water vapour flux                    true         false
    viwvn      SingleVariable   kg m**-1 s**-1          true    Vertical integral of northward water vapour flux                   true         false
     vst       SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    V-component stokes drift                                           true         false
     wdw       SingleVariable   Radians                 true    Wave spectral directional width                                    true         false
     wind      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    10 metre wind direction                                            true         false
     wmb       SingleVariable   m                       true    Model bathymetry                                                   true         false
     wsk       SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Wave spectral kurtosis                                             true         false
     wsp       SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Wave spectral peakedness                                           true         false
     wss       SingleVariable   dimensionless           true    Wave Spectral Skewness                                             true         false
    wstar      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 true    Free convective velocity over the oceans                           true         false
      z        SingleVariable   m**2 s**-2              true    Geopotential                                                       true          true
     zust      SingleVariable   m s**-1                 false   Friction velocity                                                  true         false
 ------------ ---------------- ----------------------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ----------------

julia> rmSingle("eke")
ERROR: UndefVarError: `rmSingle` not defined in `Main`
Suggestion: check for spelling errors or missing imports.

julia> isSingle("eke",throw=false) # don't throw error, just show warning
ERROR: UndefVarError: `isSingle` not defined in `Main`
Suggestion: check for spelling errors or missing imports.

Custom PressureLevel variables

In ERA5Reanalysis.jl, we have predefined all the pressure-level variables that are available directly from the CDS. As such, all custom PressureLevel variables are defined under the PressureCustom type.

Defining Custom PressureLevel Variables

PressureCustom variables are defined using the PressureVariable() function, as follows:

ERA5Reanalysis.PressureVariable Type
julia
PressureVariable(
    ST = String;
    ID :: AbstractString,
    long :: AbstractString = "",
    name :: AbstractString,
    units :: AbstractString,
    hPa   :: Int = 0,
    throw :: Bool = true
) -> evar :: PressureCustom

Create a custom Pressure-Level variable that is not in the default list exported by ERA5Reanalysis.jl. These variables are not available in the CDS store, and so they must be separately calculated from other variables and analyzed.

Keyword Arguments

  • ID : variable ID (in string format) used in the NetCDF file

  • long : long-name for variable (used in specifying variable for CDS downloads)

  • name : user-defined variable name

  • units : user-defined units of the variable

  • hPa : Pressure level specified in hPa. Default is 0, which indicates all levels.

  • throw : if hPa level does not exist and throw is true, throw error, otherwise find nearest pressure level

source

Removing Custom PressureLevel Variables

To remove a PressureCustom variable, we can use the rmPressure() function:

Missing docstring.

Missing docstring for rmPressure( varID :: AbstractString ). Check Documenter's build log for details.

An Example!

Let us define the custom variable "vt" for Virtual Temperature, which is a proxy to buoyancy in the atmosphere. Virtual Temperature is calculated from both the water vapour mixing ratio and atmospheric temperature and is given by the formula:

Tv=T(1+0.61q)

Virtual Temperature has the units "K", and for this example let us define the pressure level height we are interested in to be at 1000 hPa. The resultant PressureCustom variable is given by:

julia
julia> using ERA5Reanalysis

julia> PressureVariable(
           ID = "vt",
           units = "K",
           hPa   = 1000,
           long = "virtual_temperature",
           name = "Virtual Temperature"
       )
┌ Warning: 2026-02-08T04:03:00.037 - ERA5Reanalysis.jl - "vt" is not a valid PressureVariable identifier, use the function PressureCustom() to add this ERA5Variable to the list.
└ @ ERA5Reanalysis ~/work/ERA5Reanalysis.jl/ERA5Reanalysis.jl/src/variable/is.jl:110
The Pressure-Level Custom Variable "vt" has the following properties:
    Variable ID  (ID/ncID) : vt
    Long Name       (long) : virtual_temperature
    Variable Name   (name) : Virtual Temperature (1000 hPa)
    Variable Units (units) : K
    Pressure Level   (hPa) : 1000

julia> tablePressures()
ERROR: ArgumentError: Each vector in `column_labels` must have the same number of elements as the table columns (7).

julia> rmPressure("vt")
ERROR: UndefVarError: `rmPressure` not defined in `Main`
Suggestion: check for spelling errors or missing imports.

julia> isPressure("vt",throw=false) # don't throw error, just show warning
ERROR: UndefVarError: `isPressure` not defined in `Main`
Suggestion: check for spelling errors or missing imports.